Knoxia sumatrensis
Subshrubby perennial to 1 m tall. Stems often branched, sparsely to densely tomentose above, glabrescent below. Leaves oblong- or ovate-lanceolate, 4−10 by 1−4 cm, base acute to attenuate or obtuse, apex acute to acuminate, above sparsely pubescent, below pubescent, particularly on the veins, with 5-12 pairs of lateral veins; petioles (5−) 10−20 (−30) mm long; stipules 3.5−10 (−15) mm high, with typically 4−6 bristles 5−10 mm long. Inflorescence thyrso-paniculate, often corymbiform and rather lax; cymes much elongating in fruit; peduncle 2−7 (−10) cm long. Flowers shortly pedicellate to subsessile but pedicels up to c. 2 mm in fruit. Calyx slightly unequal, 1 lobe to c. 0.7 mm long, the others < 0.5 mm. Corolla white, yellowish-white, pinkish-white, pale rose, pale lilac or pale blue-violet, glabrous outside; tube 2−6 mm long, pubescent inside at least around the throat, cylindrical in short-styled and widened above in long-styled morph; lobes 1−3 mm long. Stamens 2−4 mm long and exserted in short-styled morph, included in the widened upper corolla tube portion and 1.5−2 mm in long-styled morph; anthers 0.5−1 mm. Ovary to 1−1.5 mm high, ovoid to oblong; style exserted and 5−10 mm long in longistylous flower, included and 1−5 mm long in brevistylous flower; stigma lobes ca. 0.5 mm long. Fruit greyish to dark brown, 1−3 by 0.8−2.4 mm, faintly to distinctly quadrangular; mericarps often remaining (partially) united, leaving behind the column-like, apically 2-forked carpophore, but sometimes splitting from the base into 2 one-seeded units.
Thailand.– NORTHERN: Chiang Mai (Doi Inthanon, Doi Chiang Dao, Doi Suthep, Doi Tao, Hod, Huai Chang Khian), Chiang Rai (Doi Fa Hom Pok), Nan (Doi Phu Wae), Lamphun, Lampang (Doi Khun Tan, Doi Luang, Doi Pa Lad, Jae Sawn), Phrae, Tak (Bhumipol Dam, Mae Kor), Kamphaeng Phet (Mae Wong, Klong Lan); NORTH-EASTERN: Loei (Phu Kradueng, Wang Saphung), Sakon Nakhon (Pha Sawoi), Mukdahan, Kalasin (Somdet), Nakhon Phanom (Don Tan), Mukdahan (Huai Huad), Khon Kaen; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum (Phu Khieo); Nakhon Ratchasima (Bua Yai, Sakaerat, Wang Nam Khieo), Buriram, Ubon Ratchathani (Khong Chiam); SOUTH-WESTERN: Uthai Thani (Huay Kha Kaeng); Kanchanaburi (Ban Dinso, Hin Dat, Khao Buing, Si Sawat), Phetchaburi (Huay Sai), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Thabsakae); CENTRAL: Lop Buri (Lam Narai), Saraburi (Ban Nong Bua, Pu Kae), Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (Watthana). SOUTH-EASTERN: Sa Kaeo (Watana), Prachin Buri (Aranyaprathet), Chon Buri (Khao Kieo, Si Chang); PENINSULAR: Chumphon (Pathio, Thung Maha), Phangnga (Ko Yao, Ko Yao Noi).
Distribution.–Sri Lanka, India, Sikkim, Bhutan, Bangladesh, China, SE Asia, Australia (Queensland).
Ecology.– Sandy ground in dipterocarp, dry deciduous, mixed deciduous, open pine-oak and hill evergreen forests, usually growing in undisturbed or disturbed open (grassy) areas on sandy to rocky ground; sometimes over limestone, 0-1,700 m alt., Flowers and fruits May-November (fruits to January).